Mécanique des sols 1 : cours et exercices
Un sol est un mélange d’éléments solides, d’eau et de gaz.
D’éléments solides : Proviennent de la désagrégation mécanique et/ou chimique d’une roche mère. On distingue les minéraux non argileux (∅>2µm et ayant le même comportement que la roche mère : Sols pulvérulents), les minéraux argileux (kaolinite, illite et montmorillonite) et les sols organiques (vases et tourbes)
D’eau : Existe sous plusieurs formes (eau de constitution, interfeuillets, liée et libre).
De gaz : Contenu dans les vides, c’est l’air pour un sol sec ou mélange d’air et de vapeur d’eau pour un sol humide.
Plan du cours de Mécanique des sols I
Introduction
Chapitre I Propriétés physiques des sols
1-Définition des sols –éléments constitutifs d’un sol
2-Caractéristiques physiques des sols
3-Caractéristiques dimensionnelles
4-Structure des sols
5-Essais d’identification –sols grenus
6-Essais d’identification –sols fins
7-Autres essais
8-Classification des sols
Chapitre II Hydraulique des sols
1-Éléments d’hydraulique souterraine
2-Écoulements tridimensionnels hydraulique des puits
3-Écoulements bidimensionnels réseaux d’écoulement
4-Effets mécaniques de l’eau sur les sols interaction fluide-squelette
5-Effets de la capillarité dans les sols
Chapitre III Déformations des sols
1-Contraintes dans les sols
2-Calcul des contraintes dues aux surcharges
3-Compressibilitédes sols
4-Calcul du tassement –méthode des couches
5-Théorie de la consolidation de Terzaghiet Frohlich
6-Durée des tassements
7-Consolidation secondaire
8-Dispositions constructives –tassements admissibles
Chapitre IV Résistance au cisaillement des sols
1-Notions élémentaires sur la rupture des sols
2-Rappels sur les contraintes-conventions
3-Cercle de Mohr-Coulomb et conséquences
4-Mesureau laboratoire des caractéristiques de rupture
5-Remarques qualitatives
Plan du cours et exercices sur la mécanique des sols 1
Chapitre 1 : Les Sols : Structure. Identification et classification
1- Eléments constitutifs d’un sol
2- Paramètres de définition d’un sol
3- Identification des sols
4- Classification des sols
Exercices d’application
Chapitre 2 : Hydraulique des sols
1- Ecoulement linéaire
2- Ecoulements plans
Exercices d’application
Chapitre 3 : Les contraintes dans le sol
1- Notions de contraintes
2- Cercle de Mohr
3- Les contraintes dues au poids propre des sols
4- Les contraintes dues aux surcharges
Exercices d’application
Chapitre 4 : Tassement et consolidation des sols
1- Notions de déformations
2- Relation contraintes – deformations
3- Tassements des sols- consolidation
3- Evolution du tassement en cours du temps
Exercices d’application
Chapitre 5 : Résistance au cisaillement des sols
1- Comportement élasto-plastique des sols
2- Comportement à cours et à long terme des sols
3- Détermination des paramètres de cisaillement des sols au laboratoire
Exercices d’application
Chapitre 6 : Portance des fondations superficielles
1- Introduction
2- Calculs de la capacité portante
Exercices d’application
Chapitre 7 : Poussée et butée des terres
1- Introduction
2- La théorie de Rankine
3- Calcul des forces de poussée et de butée
5- Stabilité des murs de soutènement
6- Les rideaux de palplanches
Exercices d’application
Liens de téléchargement du cours N°1 de Mécanique des sols I
Introduction
Chapitre I: Propriétés physiques des sols
Chapitre II: Hydraulique des sols
Chapitre III: Déformations des sols
Chapitre IV: Résistance au cisaillement des sols
Lien de téléchargement du cours et exercices sur la mécanique des sols 1
Cours N°2 + Exercices d’application de Mécanique des sols 1
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